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Category: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
Methotrexate
Description
This page contains brief details about the drug methotrexate, it’s indication, dosage & administaration, mechanism of action, related brands with strength, warnings and common side effects.
Date of Approval
Methotrexate is an anti-metabolite and immunosuppressant drug. The FDA approved this for its medical use on 26th February 1999.
Mechanism of Action of Methotrexate
Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase. Therefore, methotrexate interferes with DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication. Actively proliferating tissues such as malignant cells, bone marrow, fetal cells, buccal and intestinal mucosa, and urinary bladder cells are, in general, more sensitive to this medicine. Blocking these slows down how fast cancer cells grow and spread. In treating rheumatoid arthritis, methotrexate is thought to stop or reduce inflammation in the joints by altering the body’s defense mechanism in the immune system.
Uses of Methotrexate
It treats certain types of cancer, such as acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), meningeal leukemia, non-hodgkin’s lymphoma, osteosarcoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, breast cancer, and head and neck cancer in adults. It is also used to treat severe psoriasis in adults (a skin disease in which red, scaly patches form on some body areas). It is also indicated to treat rheumatoid arthritis in adults.
Methotrexate Dosage available
Methotrexate is available as an injection and tablet. Always use this medicine as exactly prescribed by your doctor. Depending on the condition being treated, your physician decides the dose, dosage, and frequency of this injection. Methotrexate is injected into a vein (intravenously) or into muscle (intramuscularly). Do not self-administer this medicine. If you are prescribed with tablets, do not chew, crush or dissolve the tablets. The score line is only there to help you break the tablet if you have difficulty swallowing it whole. Swallow the tablets whole with water.
Rituximab
Description
This page contains brief details about the drug rituximab, it’s indication, dosage & administaration, mechanism of action, related brands with strength, warnings and common side effects.
Date of Approval
Rituximab is an immunomodulatory monoclonal antibody (a protein that attaches to a specific target) that was approved for its medical use on 26th November 1997.
Mechanism of Action of Rituximab
Rituximab Injection is a biological agent that belongs to the category of medications called monoclonal antibodies. It specifically targets and binds to the CD20 receptors, resulting in a significant decrease in the inflammatory mediators. The medicine inhibits the availability of B cells by depleting them and eventually stops the growth and multiplication of cancer cells.
Uses of Rituximab
Rituximab Injection has been developed to treat non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, mature B-cell acute leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, granulomatosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and pemphigus vulgaris in patients who have not responded adequately to other treatments.
Rituximab Dosage available
Rituximab is available as a single-use vial of injection intended for administration as an intravenous infusion. It is available in doses of 100mg and 500mg. The usual recommended starting dose is 375mg/m2. Your doctor will decide the dose, dosage, and duration of the treatment based on your medical condition.
Vincristine Sulphate
Description
This page contains brief details about the drug vincristine sulphate, it’s indication, dosage & administaration, mechanism of action, related brands with strength, warnings and common side effects.
Date of Approval
Vincristine sulphate is a chemotherapy medication containing the active constituent vincristine sulphate. It belongs to a class of drugs called vinca alkaloids, which inhibit the growth of cancer cells. This medication treats blood, head, breast, neck, kidney, bone, or lung cancers. It treats rhabdomyosarcoma (cancer that affects muscle tissue) and neuroblastoma (cancer that develops from immature nerve cells). It may also treat multiple myeloma (cancer of plasma cells), thyroid cancer, and a blood disorder known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Cancer is a disorder in which cells multiply uncontrolled and abnormally.
Vincristine sulphate was first approved by the FDA in 1963 for treating acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Since then, it has received additional approvals for treating other types of cancer. Like all chemotherapy drugs, it can cause side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, hair loss, and fatigue. Patients should discuss the potential benefits and risks of treatment with their doctor.
Mechanism of Action of Vincristine Sulphate
The therapeutic effect of vincristine sulphate inhibits the growth and spread of cancer cells. Vincristine sulphate disrupts the formation and function of microtubules, which are structures inside cells that help with cell division and movement. By interfering with microtubule function, this medication can prevent cancer cells from dividing and multiplying and can also cause them to die.
Uses of Vincristine Sulphate
Vincristine sulphate is used to treat various types of cancer, including blood cancers such as acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), head and neck cancers, breast cancer, kidney cancer, bone cancer, and lung cancer. It is also used to treat idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (a condition in which the immune system attacks and destroys platelets cells) and multiple myeloma (a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells). In addition, this medication is used to treat rhabdomyosarcoma (cancer that forms in the body’s soft tissues) and neuroblastoma (cancer that develops in certain nerve cells). It may also be used to treat thyroid cancer.
Vincristine Sulphate Dosage available
A healthcare professional usually administers vincristine sulphate intravenous injection (IV) in a hospital or clinical setting. It should not be taken orally or applied topically to the skin. If you miss a dose, do not double the dose to make up for the missed one.
Pegaspargase
Description
This page contains brief details about the drug pegaspargase, it’s indication, dosage & administaration, mechanism of action, related brands with strength, warnings and common side effects.
Date of Approval
Pegaspargase is a chemotherapy drug containing the active constituent pegaspargase. It is used to treat a type of blood cancer called Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).This is a white blood cell cancer in which the immature white cells start growing out of control, thus preventing the production of functional blood cells. Combined with other chemotherapy drugs, this medication can help increase the chances of remission and long-term survival for people with ALL.
Pegaspargase received its initial FDA approval in 1994 for treating leukemia. Since then, it has also been approved for use in various other countries. This medication is a prescription medication and should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider. It is particularly effective in treating children with ALL, who have a higher rate of remission and overall survival when included in their treatment plan.
Mechanism of Action of Pegaspargase
Pegaspargase is an enzyme that breaks down the amino acid asparagine in the body. Cancer cells require asparagine to grow and divide and cannot produce their asparagine. By breaking down asparagine in the body, this medication can effectively “starve” cancer cells of this essential nutrient, slowing their growth and promoting cancer cell death. However, normal cells in the body can produce their asparagine and are not as affected by the enzyme as cancer cells. Therefore, this medicine selectively targets cancer cells while sparing healthy cells in the body to some extent.
Uses of Pegaspargase
Pegaspargase is an antineoplastic agent used to treat certain types of cancer, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Pegaspargase Dosage available
Pegaspargase is an enzyme that breaks down the amino acid asparagine in the body. Cancer cells require asparagine to grow and divide and cannot produce their asparagine. By breaking down asparagine in the body, this medication can effectively “starve” cancer cells of this essential nutrient, slowing their growth and promoting cancer cell death. However, normal cells in the body can produce their asparagine and are not as affected by the enzyme as cancer cells. Therefore, this medicine selectively targets cancer cells while sparing healthy cells in the body to some extent.