Category: Cancer

  • Lomustine

    Description

    This page contains brief details about the drug lomustine, it’s indication, dosage & administaration, mechanism of action, related brands with strength, warnings and common side effects.

    Date of Approval

    The U.S. FDA approved lomustine in 1976. This medicine belongs to a group of monoclonal antibody (a protein made from specific immune cells).

    Mechanism of Action of Lomustine

    Lomustine works by damaging the DNA and RNA of the cancer cells. This stops their growth and multiplication.

    Uses of Lomustine

    It is mainly used to treat brain tumors (lumps formed from abnormal cells), lung tumors, Hodgkin’s disease (cancer of lymph system, a part of the immune system), and malignant melanoma (skin cancer).

    Lomustine Dosage available

    The medicine will be administered to you by a healthcare professional in a hospital setting. It is usually administered in the vein (intravenous). Your doctor will decide the dose, route of administration, and frequency based on your disease condition and other factors.

  • Ribociclib

    Description

    This page contains brief details about the drug ribociclib, it’s indication, dosage & administaration, mechanism of action, related brands with strength, warnings and common side effects.

    Date of Approval

    Ribociclib is an anticancer medication containing the active ingredient ribociclib. Cancer is a condition in which cells multiply uncontrolled and abnormally. It is used in women to treat a type of breast cancer (hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer) that is locally advanced or has spread to other parts of the body.  This medication is given in combination with other medications. It can also be used to treat endometrial cancer in combination with other drugs. It works by inhibiting the activity of certain proteins, which regulate cell growth and division. By blocking these proteins, it can slow down or stop the growth of cancer cells. It is not recommended for adolescents and children under 18 years of age.

    Ribociclib was developed by Novartis Pharmaceuticals and was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 13 March 2017. It was initially approved for use in combination with an aromatase inhibitor as initial endocrine-based therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced, or metastatic breast cancer. Before taking this medication, it is vital to inform your doctor if you have any signs of infections (fever, mouth ulcers, or sore throat), liver disorders, heart disorders, or if you are allergic to peanut or soya.  You should not drink grapefruit juice or eat grapefruits during the treatment with this tablet.  It should not be used in persons with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to Kryxana 200 mg Tablet or any of its components.

    Mechanism of Action of Ribociclib

    Ribociclib works by inhibiting the activity of two proteins called CDK4 and CDK6, which regulate cell growth and division. By blocking these proteins, Ribociclib can slow down or stop the growth of cancer cells.

    Uses of Ribociclib

    Ribociclib is a medication used to treat certain types of breast cancer.  Ribociclib is used in combination with other anticancer medications  to treat advanced or metastatic (cancer that can spread to other regions of the body) breast cancer. It can also be used in combination with fulvestrant for women who have gone through menopause and have metastatic breast cancer.

    Ribociclib Dosage available

    Ribociclib is usually taken orally, with or without food. The tablets should be swallowed whole with a glass of water and not crushed, chewed or broken. The dosage and frequency of Ribociclib will depend on a variety of factors, including the patient’s age, weight, overall health, and the type and stage of cancer being treated. It’s important to follow the dosing instructions provided by a healthcare provider, and not to adjust the dosage or frequency without consulting with them first.

  • Durvalumab

    Description

    This page contains brief details about the drug durvalumab, it’s indication, dosage & administaration, mechanism of action, related brands with strength, warnings and common side effects.

    Date of Approval

    Durvalumab is an anticancer drug that belongs to the category of medicines known as Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies. It was approved by the FDA in May 2017 to treat certain types of cancer.

    Mechanism of Action of Durvalumab

    It works by blocking a protein called programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is found on the surface of certain cancer cells. When PD-L1 binds to its receptor on T cells, it can inhibit the immune system’s ability to recognize and attack cancer cells.  By blocking the interaction between PD-L1 and its receptor, durvalumab allows T cells to recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively. Durvalumab helps the immune system to fight the cancer and potentially slow or stop its growth.

    Uses of Durvalumab

    Durvalumab is used to treat non-small cell lung cancer(has not spread outside your chest ), small cell lung cancer(has spread within your lungs), and biliary tract cancers(cancer of the bile ducts).

    Durvalumab Dosage available

    Durvalumab is a prescription drug available in injection form. This injection will be given intravenously into a vein in your arm or hand by a healthcare professional in a hospital setting. Do not self-administer this medicine. The dose of the injection will be decided by your doctor based on your disease condition and other factors. During the infusion, you will be monitored for any side effects or reactions to the medication. The infusion usually takes a few hours to complete, and you may need to receive multiple infusions over the course of several weeks.

  • Epirubicin

    Description

    This page contains brief details about the drug epirubicin, it’s indication, dosage & administaration, mechanism of action, related brands with strength, warnings and common side effects.

    Date of Approval

    Epirubicin is an antineoplastic drug that belongs to the class anthracyclines. FDA approved epirubicin on November 15, 2006, for the treatment of breast cancer, stomach, and bowel cancer, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer.

    Mechanism of Action of Epirubicin

    Epirubicin inhibits DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis by exerting cytotoxic activity. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of the cancer cells. This medicine helps to selectively kill the cancer cells rather than the normal, healthy cells.

    Uses of Epirubicin

    Epirubicin is an intravenously administered drug. This medicine is used as adjuvant therapy in combination with other medications to treat breast cancer in patients who have had surgery to remove the tumor. It is also useful in treating breast, ovaries, stomach, bowel, and lung cancers. In addition, this medicine is also used to treat cancers of the blood-forming tissues, such as malignant lymphomas, leukemias, and multiple myeloma.

    Epirubicin Dosage available The drug should be administered only by healthcare professionals experienced with cancer chemotherapy. Your physician will determine the dose and frequency of administration based on the type of cancer and severity of the disease.  The medicine will be given as an infusion into a vein. Do not self-administer the injection.

  • Trastuzumab Deruxtecan

    Description

    This page contains brief details about the drug trastuzumab deruxtecan, it’s indication, dosage & administaration, mechanism of action, related brands with strength, warnings and common side effects.

    Date of Approval

    Trastuzumab deruxetecan was first approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on December 20, 2019.

    In a 2021 study, researchers assessed the safety and activity of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in patients with various HER2-expressing or HER2-mutant solid tumours. They reported a confirmed objective response rate (ORR) of 28.3% and a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 7.2 months.

    The study highlighted promising activity in HER2-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other solid tumours.

    Mechanism of Action of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan

    Trastuzumab deruxetecan is an antibody-drug conjugate that targets HER2. It uses a humanised anti-HER2 IgG1 antibody. Trastuzumab deruxetecan includes a small molecule called DXd, which inhibits topoisomerase I and is linked to the antibody by a cleavable connector.

    Once it binds to HER2 on cancer cells, Trastuzumab deruxetecan is taken into the cell. Inside the cell, the linker is broken down by lysosomal enzymes, releasing DXd. This molecule then causes DNA damage and triggers cell death.

    Uses of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan

    Trastuzumab deruxetecan is used in the treatment of the following:

    HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: Treat adult patients with inoperable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer who have already received a prior anti-HER2-based treatment.

    HER2-low metastatic breast cancer: Treat adult patients with inoperable or metastatic HER2-low breast cancer who have undergone prior chemotherapy in the metastatic setting or experienced cancer recurrence during or within six months of completing adjuvant chemotherapy.

    Locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer: Treat adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic HER2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who have already received a prior trastuzumab-based treatment.

    Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Dosage available

    Trastuzumab deruxtecan is available as an injection and administered intravenously (into a vein) by the healthcare provider on scheduled appointments. Your healthcare provider will decide the suitable dosage for your condition according to your age and physical circumstances.

  • Denosumab

    Description

    This page contains brief details about the drug denosumab, it’s indication, dosage & administaration, mechanism of action, related brands with strength, warnings and common side effects.

    Date of Approval

    The U.S. FDA approved Denosumab for the first time on June 1, 2010, to treat postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture.

    Mechanism of Action of Denosumab

    Osteoclast breaks the tissues in the bones and releases calcium into the blood. This process is called bone resorption. Denosumab acts by inhibiting osteoclast formation, thereby decreasing bone resorption and increasing bone mass and strength.

    Uses of Denosumab

    Osteoporosis in women postmenopause who are at high risk of fracture

    Men with osteoporosis who are at increased risk of fracture

    Bone loss in men due to reduced levels of testosterone caused as a result of prostate cancer surgery or treatment with medications

    Osteoporosis in patients with a high risk of fracture due to long-term treatment with glucocorticoids.

    And increase bone mass in women at high risk of fracture due to adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy for breast cancer.

    Denosumab Dosage available

    Denosumab is to be administered by a healthcare provider. It is injected subcutaneously under the skin of stomach, upper thigh or upper arm. Denosumab is to be given once every six months.

  • Degarelix

    Description

    This page contains brief details about the drug degarelix, it’s indication, dosage & administaration, mechanism of action, related brands with strength, warnings and common side effects.

    Date of Approval

    Degarelix is an anticancer medication that was approved for its medical use on 24th December 2008.

    Mechanism of Action of Degarelix

    Degarelix Injection is a biological agent that acts as hormonal drug therapy in cancer treatment. It is the only antagonist of Androgen Deprivation Therapy that works instantly to reduce testosterone levels. Degarelix is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist that binds to the gonadotropin receptors of the pituitary gland. It lowers the release of gonadotrophin and testosterone, eventually inhibiting the development of cancer cells. Degarelix is prescribed alone and also with other anti-androgen medications to treat hormonal cancer.

    Uses of Degarelix

    Degarelix Injection has been developed to treat advanced prostate cancer in adult men.

    Degarelix Dosage available Degarelix is available as a vial for injection in doses 80mg and 120mg. It is intended for administration through the subcutaneous route. The recommended initial dose is 240mg given as two 120 mg injections and 80mg is injected every 28 days as a maintenance dose.

  • Vinblastine

    Description

    This page contains brief details about the drug vinblastine, it’s indication, dosage & administaration, mechanism of action, related brands with strength, warnings and common side effects.

    Date of Approval

    Vinblastine is an anticancer drug that belongs to the category of medicines known as mitotic inhibitors. It was approved by the U.S. FDA in the year 1962 to treat Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

    Mechanism of Action of Vinblastine

    It works by disrupting the formation of microtubules in cells. Microtubules are structures that help to support and shape cells, as well as transport molecules within cells. In cancer cells, microtubules play a key role in cell division and growth. By interfering with microtubule formation, this drug disrupts the ability of cancer cells to divide and grow, ultimately leading to their death.

    Uses of Vinblastine

    Vinblastine is used to treat Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, testicular cancer, breast cancer, and kaposi’s sarcoma.

    Vinblastine Dosage available

    The medicine will be administered to you by a healthcare professional in a hospital setting. Vinblastine is given as an injection into a vein (intravenous infusion) over a period of 30 minutes, once a day for up to 5 days. The dose, route of administration, and frequency will be decided by your doctor based on your disease condition and other factors.

  • Irinotecan

    Description

    This page contains brief details about the drug irinotecan, it’s indication, dosage & administaration, mechanism of action, related brands with strength, warnings and common side effects.

    Date of Approval

    Irinotecan is an anti-cancer drug that belongs to the camptothecin analogs. The FDA approved it on August 24, 2004, to treat colon and rectum metastatic carcinoma.

    Mechanism of Action of Irinotecan

    Irinotecan works by converting its active metabolite with the help of liver enzymes and inhibits the Topoisomerase I enzyme. This causes damage to the DNA synthesis and its replication, thus preventing the cancer cells from growing and spreading.

    Uses of Irinotecan

    Irinotecan is a topoisomerase enzyme inhibitor used as a first-line therapy in combination with other anti-cancer medications to treat colon and rectum cancers and extensive-stage non-small cell lung cancer. It is also indicated to treat gastric cancers. Irinotecan is currently under investigation to treat ovarian and cervical cancer.

    Irinotecan Dosage available

    Irinotecan is a prescription drug available as an injection to be administered for over 90 minutes intravenously (into the vein), followed by other chemotherapeutic drugs. The drug will be prescribed and administered by the healthcare professional. It is normally administered no more than once a week, according to the schedule, on which days you receive irinotecan and on which days you dont receive the medication. Your doctor will determine the optimum schedule for you. Antiemetic medications may be given priorly to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with the treatment.

  • Ifosfamide With Mesna

    Description

    This page contains brief details about the drug ifosfamide,mesna, it’s indication, dosage & administaration, mechanism of action, related brands with strength, warnings and common side effects.

    Date of Approval

    Ifosfamide, Mesna are alkylating agents and hemorrhagic cystitis inhibitors which was approved for its medical use in the year 1998.

    Mechanism of Action of Ifosfamide With Mesna

    These two combinations together work by damaging the DNA in cancer cells, which leads to cell death and slows the growth and spread of cancer. Mostly, this involves the formation of reactive metabolites in the liver, which are then transported to cancer cells in the body. These metabolites react with the DNA in the cancer cells, causing cross-links and breaks in the DNA strands. This interferes with the replication and transcription of DNA, leading to cell death.

    Uses of Ifosfamide With Mesna

    Ifosfamide, Mesna are indicated for the treatment of bladder inflammation, hemorrhagic cystitis and cancers in the soft tissues, germ cell, pancreas and cervix.

    Ifosfamide With Mesna Dosage available

    It will be given to you by a doctor or nurse in a hospital or clinic setting trained in cancer chemotherapy. Ifosfamide, Mesna is given as an intravenous infusion drip (into your vein). Do not self-administer the injection. Your doctor will decide the dose and duration of the treatment based on your disease severity, body weight, and other factors. Your doctor will give you certain medications to lessen the chance of getting side effects from the  Ifosfamide, Mesna treatment.